The region discussed in this chapter covers the area from the Pacific Ocean to the eastern edge of the Rocky Mountains bordering the Great Plains, bounded to the north by the boreal region and to the south by the United States-Mexico border. Western North America is the world’s third richest region in temperate-zone conifers, with ~96 taxa including many endemics, primarily in California (20 endemic and 17 subendemic conifers in the state). This chapter contains 69 range maps, 21 conifer habitat photos and descriptions, and 75 full-page species profiles (see sample pages below).